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“Is my pretty horse authentic?” Scientific investigation of Chinese Tang-style pottery figurines for authentication purposes

Presenter Information
Title
Dr.
First Name
Benedetta
Last Name
Vitale
Affiliation
Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Giuria 7, Turin 10125, Italy
Presenter’s Country or Region
Torino
University/College/Institute
University of Turin
Location of your University/College (Country or Region)
Italy
Session
Format
presentation
Abstract (150–300 words)

Tang pottery is one of the most remarkable examples of the ancient Chinese cultural heritage. It flourished during the cosmopolitan Tang dynasty (618-907), a period characterized by unprecedented production levels and extensive trade along the Silk Roads. Despite its widespread distribution, Tang pottery was produced in a limited number of Chinese kilns[1].  During the 20th century, Tang figurines became highly sought by art collectors, leading to a proliferation of modern reproductions on the art market. However, they have not been systematically studied, highlighting the need for reliable physico-chemical authentication markers.

In this context, the present study examines 40 Tang-style figurines from major Chinese collections in Italy, including both genuine finds and declared modern reproductions. The main aim is to identify markers of authenticity through an in-depth investigation of their materials and manufacturing process. Micro-ceramic fragments from the inner cavities of each figurine were analyzed and classified based on colourimetry, elemental compositions, paste morphology, characteristics of inclusions, mineralogical assemblages, and estimated maximum firing temperature. The technological features of these artefacts were compared with those of archaeological Tang pottery reported in the literature, providing first insights into similarities and differences in raw materials and manufacturing techniques[1-6]. 

The results of this pilot study lay the first framework for further investigations of Tang-style artefacts found outside the archaeological context and with uncertain authenticity.

  1. S. Rastelli, Ceramica cinese, Ed. Cafoscarina, Venezia, 2004.
  2. B. Ma, et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 319 (2014): 95–99
  3. J. Shen, et al., Archaeometry 61, 2 (2019): 358–373.
  4. D. Chang, et al., Ceramics International 47 (2021): 10147–10152. 
  5. J. Cui & Th. Rehren, et al, J. Archaeol. Sci. 37 (2010): 1502–1509. 
  6. Y. Li, et al., Herit. Sci 12, 1 (2024): 224.
Second Author
Title
Prof.
First Name
Eliano
Last Name
Diana
Affiliation
Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Giuria 7, Turin 10125, Italy
Country or Region
Italy
Title
Prof.
First Name
Angelo
Last Name
Agostino
Country or Region
Italy
Affiliation
Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Giuria 7, Turin 10125, Italy
Title
Dr.
First Name
Marta
Last Name
Boscolo Marchi
Country or Region
Italy
Affiliation
Museo di Arte Orientale di Venezia, Sestiere di S. Croce n.2076 30100 Venezia
Title
Dr.
First Name
Anna Maria Carmen
Last Name
Antonini
Country or Region
Italy
Affiliation
Museo delle Culture (MUDEC) Via Tortona 56 Milan 20144
Additional Authors
Dr., Serena, Francone, serena.francone@cultura.gov.it, Italy, Museo delle Civiltà, piazza Guglielmo Marconi 14, 00144 Roma
Dr., Maria Luisa, Giorgi, Italy, marialuisa.giorgi@cultura.gov.it, Museo delle Civiltà, piazza Guglielmo Marconi 14, 00144 Roma